Heroin is considered sublime by some users. However, it is one of the most addictive, if not the most addictive, drug that is used and abused by its users. The name heroin comes from the German word heroisch, which means heroic. It was thought that heroin had a heroic effect on its users. It was manufactured by Bayer as a substitute for morphine, used in the 1890’s, for treating coughs.
Heroin was thought to be non-addictive; however, it had one of the highest rates of dependence. Perhaps it was even more addictive than morphine, despite Bayer’s claims to the contrary. From Benjamin Franklin to Boy George, there have been many celebrity heroin users. Among this list would be men like Goering, Bella Lugosi, E. A. Poe and Elvis. One of the most famous heroin users was William Burroughs who had no qualms about discussing his addiction to heroin. He maintained that it was easier to get through life on “junk” but he did admit that it stifled creativity. Imagine what else he would have been able to write if his creativity hadn’t been inhibited with that junk. Here are some facts:
Acute intoxication is characterized by euphoria and drowsiness. Mast cell effects (eg, flushing, itching) are common, particularly with morphine. GI [gastro-intestinal] effects include nausea, vomiting, decreased bowel sounds, and constipation."
Source:
"Opioids," The Merck Manual, Section 15: Psychiatric Disorders, Chapter 198: Drug Use and Dependence, Merck & Co. Inc., from the web at http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec15/ch198/ch198f.html last accessed Sept. 17, 2008.
"Chronic use of heroin leads to physical dependence, a state in which the body has adapted to the presence of the drug. If a dependent user reduces or stops use of the drug abruptly, they may experience severe symptoms of withdrawal. These symptoms, which can begin as early as a few hours after the last drug administration, include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ('cold turkey'), kicking movements ('kicking the habit'), and other symptoms. Users also experience severe craving for the drug during withdrawal, precipitating continued abuse and/or relapse. Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after the last dose and typically subside after about a week; however, some individuals may show persistent withdrawal symptoms for months. Although heroin withdrawal is considered less dangerous than alcohol or barbiturate withdrawal, sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health is occasionally fatal.
"Heroin abuse during pregnancy, together with related factors like poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal care, has been associated with adverse consequences including low birthweight, an important risk factor for later developmental delay. If the mother is regularly abusing the drug, the infant may be born physically dependent on heroin and could suffer from serious medical complications requiring hospitalization."
Source:
National Institute on Drug Abuse, InfoFacts: Heroin (Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services), from the web at http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/heroin.html last accessed Sept. 17, 2008.
It will be left to the potential user to decide if the effects of heroin use are worth the ability to decrease one’s bowel sounds. A little junk for your trunk?